More than skin deep
Your next dermatologist visit could reveal important health information that you may not expect. โSkin is the window to your health,โ says Wilma Bergfeld, MD, senior dermatologist in the department of dermatology in the Cleveland Clinic. Medical dermatologists are seeing more and more skin issues, especially related to immune system problems, including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In many cases, dermatologists might help discover conditions during routine visitsโbefore a specialist wouldโwhich can ensure patients get treated in earlier stages of illness. Here are some important conditions your skin doctor has her eyes on. Here are some more details on how to identify common rashes and skin conditions.
Type 2 diabetes
One of the skin diseases that can be a sign of pre-diabetes is acanthosis nigricans, a velvety thickening of the skin that occurs around the neck and in the underarms. Usually, patients with these dark patches donโt know they have diabetes when we see them, says Dr. Bergfeld. โIn dermatology, they tend to be younger, so we pick up these cases early.โ Skin tags are another sign, but theyโre not an automatic red flag. Everybody gets skin tags under their arms every now and then, or in the groin area just from rubbing, per the U.S. National Library of Medicine. That said, if you have multiple risk factors for diabetes, multiple skin tags, and acanthosis nigricans, your dermatologist might request a blood test.ย Here are some more silent signs of diabetes you might be missing.
Celiac disease
Super itchy clusters of blisters called dermatitis herpetiformis, which commonly occur on the elbows, knees, buttocks, and sometimes the scalp, are a clear sign of one condition: Celiac disease. It affects 10 percent of people with celiacโclearly, not everyone with celiac will have dermatitis herpetiformis. People who have this skin issue who donโt have any GI concerns are often shocked to learn they have celiac. And when they begin a diet free of glutenโthe protein found in wheat, rye, and barley that triggers an immune system response in celiac patientsโtheir skin gets better, too.
Rheumatoid arthritis
This inflammatory disease, which causes swelling and pain in the small joints of the hands and feet, can sometimes manifest in the skin. About 20 to 30 percent of rheumatoid arthritis patients can get subcutaneous (beneath the skin) lumps near an affected joint, according to Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center. โThinning of the skin, a translucency of the skin on the back of the hands, or brittle nails may also be common signs of rheumatoid arthritis,โ says Roshini Raj, MD, assistant professor of medicine at the NYU School of Medicine and co-founder of TULA skin care.
Lupus
A sunburn-like rash across the top of the cheeks is often an important clue for lupus, an inflammatory disease in which your immune system attacks the bodyโs tissues and organs. Patients with lupus may also have a red rash on their scalp and on areas of their skin that get a lot of sun exposure, such as the neck, the backs of the arms, and the upper back. Anywhere from 40 to 70 percent of lupus patients can find that sun exposure makes their disease worse, according to lupus.org.
Thyroid disease
Chronic hivesโthose that last longer than six weeksโcould be a sign of thyroid conditions like Graves’ disease or Hashimotoโs thyroiditis. Doctors arenโt sure why these conditions trigger hives, but suspect that the body develops antibodies against certain parts of the immune system called IgE receptors, which triggers the allergic reaction.
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohnโs and colitis)
Skin issues affect about 5 percent of people with inflammatory bowel disease, according to the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. This includes red bumps or nodules called erythema nodosum, enterocutaneous fistulas, and more. Another sign in colitis patients is something called pyoderma gangrenosumโulcer-like lesions that tend to occur on the shins, ankles, and arms. They typically start as small blisters but merge to become deep ulcers. Many IBD-related skin conditions ebb and flow with disease flare-ups; when your GI tract acts up, so will your skin.
Hepatitis C
A number of skin disorders are associated with this liver disease, according to the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. These include rashes like vasculitis and lichen planusโwhich each have very distinctive looks and patterns that a dermatologist should recognize.
Adrenal insufficiency
The adrenal glandsโlocated just above the kidneysโare responsible for pumping out cortisol, a crucial hormone that helps the body respond to stress. Addisonโs disease results when the adrenal glands donโt make enough cortisol, which can cause a diverse range of symptoms including muscle weakness and fatigue, weight loss and decreased appetite, low blood pressure and blood sugar, and more. Because symptoms of Addisonโs disease can come on gradually and subtly, itโs often not diagnosed right away. One Addisonโs symptom thatโs a red flag for dermatologists is darkening of the skin; Dr. Bergfeld says itโs almost as if patients appear tan. Unexplained stretch marks in the skin are another sign. (Learn the skin-care tips that dermatologists follow themselves.)
Nutritional deficiency
โWhen patients come with hair loss or hair shedding, the most common triggers in women are nutritional and hormonal,โ says Dr. Bergfeld. โWhen patients are on very restricted dietsโthey donโt eat any carbs, or they donโt eat any meat at allโthey can have deficiencies in protein, zinc, vitamin D, and iron.โ Other triggers for hair loss are hormonal problems such as androgen excess, in which an abundance of male hormones can cause a number of side effects, including hair loss on the head as well as increased body hair and acne. Next, learn the secrets your dermatologist won’t tell you.
- Wilma Bergfeld, MD, senior dermatologist in the department of dermatology in the Cleveland Clinic
- American Academy of Dermatology: "ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS: OVERVIEW"
- U.S. National Library of Medicine: "Cutaneous skin tag"
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: "Dermatitis Herpetiformis (For Health Care Professionals)"
- Medscape: "What is the role of gluten-free diet in the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis?"
- Roshini Raj, MD, assistant professor of medicine at the NYU School of Medicine and co-founder of TULA skin care
- Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center: "Rheumatoid Arthritis Signs and Symptoms"
- Lupus Foundation of America: "UV exposure: What you need to know"
- Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research: "Relationship between Chronic urticaria and autoimmune thyroid disease"
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation: "Skin Complications of IBD"
- National Organization for Rare Disorders: "Pyoderma Gangrenosum"
- Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: "Skin Diseases Associated With Hepatitis C Virus Infection"